| Age (y), mean (SD) |
62 (16) |
62 (16) |
62 (16) |
.4944 |
| Female, n (%) |
486 (50) |
2626 (54) |
3112 (54) |
<.0001 |
| Race, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
| White |
808 (83) |
3877 (80) |
4685 (81) |
.0056 |
| Other |
171 (17) |
943 (20) |
1114 (19) |
|
| Quan-Charlson Comorbidity Index score, mean (SD) |
2.4 (2.8) |
2.0 (2.5) |
2.1 (2.6) |
<.0001 |
| Surgical procedure, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
| Abdomen |
421 (43) |
1179 (24) |
1600 (28) |
<.0001 |
| Colorectal |
558 (57) |
3641 (76) |
499 (72) |
|
| Index surgery year, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
| 2016 |
284 (29) |
1352 (28) |
1636 (28) |
<.0001 |
| 2017 |
198 (20) |
1474 (31) |
1672 (29) |
|
| 2018 |
219 (22) |
1081 (22) |
1300 (22) |
|
| 2019 |
278 (28) |
913 (19) |
1191 (21) |
|
| Payer, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
| Commercial |
306 (31) |
1777 (37) |
2083 (36) |
<.0005 |
| Medicaid |
94 (10) |
332 (7) |
426 (7) |
|
| Medicare |
497 (51) |
2277 (47) |
2774 (48) |
|
| Other |
82 (8) |
434 (9) |
516 (9) |
|
| Teaching hospital, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
| No |
382 (39) |
2917 (61) |
3299 (57) |
<.0001 |
| Yes |
597 (61) |
1903 (39) |
2500 (43) |
|
| Hospital location, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
| Rural |
237 (24) |
355 (7) |
592 (10) |
<.0001 |
| Urban |
742 (76) |
4465 (93) |
5207 (90) |
|
| Provider region, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
| Midwest |
141 (14) |
383 (8) |
524 (9) |
<.0001 |
| Northeast |
149 (15) |
87 (18) |
1828 (18) |
|
| South |
608 (62) |
3316 (69) |
3924 (68) |
|
| West |
81 (8) |
242 (5) |
323 (6) |
|
| Bed size, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
| 0-199 |
42 (4) |
808 (17) |
850 (15) |
<.0001 |
| 200-299 |
86 (9) |
615 (13) |
701 (12) |
|
| 300-399 |
114 (12) |
988 (21) |
1102 (19) |
|
| 400-499 |
93 (10) |
202 (4) |
295 (5) |
|
| ≥500 |
644 (66) |
2207 (46) |
2851 (49) |
|