| Age at index, years; mean (SD) |
47.4 (10.0) |
45.5 (11.8) |
.00246 |
47.3 (10.2) |
45.5 (11.8) |
.00187 |
| Age categories, n (%) |
| <35 years |
109 (11.4) |
133 (17.7) |
<.001 |
116 (11.6) |
126 (17.6) |
<.001 |
| 35-44 years |
249 (26.0) |
203 (27.0) |
255 (25.6) |
197 (27.6) |
| 45-54 years |
351 (36.6) |
222 (29.6) |
365 (36.6) |
208 (29.1) |
| ≥55+ years |
250 (26.1) |
193 (25.7) |
260 (26.1) |
183 (25.6) |
| Female, n (%) |
698 (72.8) |
580 (77.2) |
.041 |
718 (72.1) |
560 (78.4) |
.00349 |
| Region, n (%) |
| North Central |
212 (22.1) |
148 (19.7) |
.442 |
218 (21.9) |
142 (19.9) |
.611 |
| Northeast |
216 (22.5) |
164 (21.8) |
221 (22.2) |
159 (22.3) |
| South |
429 (44.7) |
352 (46.9) |
450 (45.2) |
331 (46.4) |
| West |
100 (10.4) |
87 (11.6) |
105 (10.5) |
82 (11.5) |
| Unknown |
2 (0.2) |
0 (0) |
2 (0.2) |
0 (0) |
| Payer, n (%) |
| Commercial |
932 (97.2) |
718 (95.6) |
.103 |
967 (97.1) |
683 (95.7) |
.147 |
| Medicare |
27 (2.8) |
33 (4.4) |
29 (2.9) |
31 (4.3) |
| Plan type, n (%) |
| Comprehensive |
33 (3.4) |
48 (6.4) |
.0504 |
38 (3.8) |
43 (6.0) |
.109 |
| EPO/HMO |
101 (10.5) |
77 (10.3) |
100 (10.0) |
78 (10.9) |
| POS |
34 (3.5) |
39 (5.2) |
38 (3.8) |
35 (4.9) |
| PPO |
561 (58.5) |
416 (55.4) |
580 (58.2) |
397 (55.6) |
| CDHP |
155 (16.2) |
107 (14.2) |
162 (16.3) |
100 (14.0) |
| HDHP |
65 (6.8) |
54 (7.2) |
70 (7.0) |
49 (6.9) |
| Unknown/missing |
10 (1.0) |
10 (1.3) |
8 (0.8) |
12 (1.7) |
| Pre-index relapse, n (%) |
310 (32.3) |
259 (34.5) |
.373 |
330 (33.1) |
239 (33.5) |
.924 |
| Pre-index DMT use, n (%) |
573 (59.7) |
312 (41.5) |
<.001 |
589 (59.1) |
296 (41.5) |
<.001 |
| CCI, n (%) |
| 0 |
730 (76.1) |
566 (75.4) |
.888 |
761 (76.4) |
535 (74.9) |
.776 |
| 1 |
104 (10.8) |
87 (11.6) |
109 (10.9) |
82 (11.5) |
| 2+ |
125 (13.0) |
98 (13.0) |
126 (12.7) |
97 (13.6) |
| MS symptom, n (%) |
| Other causes of myelitis |
2 (0.2) |
1 (0.1) |
1 |
2 (0.2) |
1 (0.1) |
1 |
| Demyelinating disease of central nervous system |
149 (15.5) |
126 (16.8) |
.531 |
156 (15.7) |
119 (16.7) |
.624 |
| Disorders of optic nerve and visual pathways |
125 (13.0) |
88 (11.7) |
.457 |
128 (12.9) |
85 (11.9) |
.61 |
| Neurogenic bladder NOS |
93 (9.7) |
53 (7.1) |
.064 |
96 (9.6) |
50 (7.0) |
.0664 |
| Other disorders of soft tissues: neuralgia, neuritis, and radiculitis, unspecified |
38 (4.0) |
29 (3.9) |
1 |
39 (3.9) |
28 (3.9) |
1 |
| General symptoms: dizziness and giddiness |
106 (11.1) |
98 (13.0) |
.235 |
114 (11.4) |
90 (12.6) |
.513 |
| General symptoms: fatigue and malaise |
336 (35.0) |
235 (31.3) |
.115 |
349 (35.0) |
222 (31.1) |
.0979 |
| Total pre-index non-DMT costs, mean $US (SD) |
21 800 (29 700) |
27 900 (80 600) |
.297 |
21 800 (29 700) |
28 300 (82 300) |
.279 |
| Index DMT |
| Dimethyl fumarate |
150 (15.6) |
147 (19.6) |
<.001 |
154 (15.5) |
143 (20.0) |
<.001 |
| Fingolimod |
116 (12.1) |
66 (8.8) |
124 (12.4) |
58 (8.1) |
| Glatiramer acetate |
94 (9.8) |
179 (23.8) |
99 (9.9) |
174 (24.4) |
| Interferon beta-1a |
23 (2.4) |
55 (7.3) |
26 (2.6) |
52 (7.3) |
| Interferon beta-1b |
4 (0.4) |
10 (1.3) |
4 (0.4) |
10 (1.4) |
| Natalizumab |
66 (6.9) |
54 (7.2) |
65 (6.5) |
55 (7.7) |
| Ocrelizumab |
395 (41.2) |
129 (17.2) |
417 (41.9) |
107 (15.0) |
| Teriflunomide |
111 (11.6) |
111 (14.8) |
107 (10.7) |
115 (16.1) |