| Age at index date (years), mean [median] |
45.9 [47.0] |
| 18-24 years, n (%) |
8 (1.7) |
| 25-40 years, n (%) |
102 (22.1) |
| 41-64 years, n (%) |
352 (76.2) |
| Female, n (%) |
155 (33.5) |
| US region, n (%) |
|
| South |
201 (43.5) |
| Northeast |
141 (30.5) |
| Midwest |
68 (14.7) |
| West |
50 (10.8) |
| Unknown |
2 (0.4) |
| Type of healthcare plan, n (%) |
| Preferred provider organization |
220 (47.6) |
| Point-of-service |
140 (30.3) |
| Othera
|
102 (22.1) |
| Year of index date, n (%) |
|
| 2000-2005 |
189 (40.9) |
| 2006-2010 |
208 (45.0) |
| 2011-2016 |
65 (14.1) |
| Annual employee earnings at the index date (2018 US$), mean [median] |
69 907 [55 668] |
| Employer industry, n (%) |
|
| Transportation |
198 (42.9) |
| Manufacturing |
107 (23.2) |
| Technology |
47 (10.2) |
| Telecommunications |
25 (5.4) |
| Energy/utility |
22 (4.8) |
| Healthcare |
15 (3.2) |
| Government/religion/education services |
5 (1.1) |
| Financial services/insurance |
4 (0.9) |
| Retail/consumer goods |
4 (0.9) |
| Food/beverage |
2 (0.4) |
| Other service |
33 (7.1) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index,b mean±SD |
0.3±0.7 |
| 0, n (%) |
383 (82.9) |
| 1, n (%) |
44 (9.5) |
| ≥2, n (%) |
35 (7.6) |
| Comorbidities with prevalence ≥1%,b n (%) |
|
| Hypertension |
114 (24.7) |
| Depression |
40 (8.7) |
| Hypothyroidism |
32 (6.9) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease |
32 (6.9) |
| Diabetes without chronic complication |
23 (5.0) |
| Any malignancy (including blood, excluding skin) |
17 (3.7) |
| Valvular disease |
17 (3.7) |
| Cardiac arrhythmias |
14 (3.0) |
| Fluid and electrolyte disorders |
12 (2.6) |
| Obesity |
11 (2.4) |
| Rheumatic disease |
11 (2.4) |
| Cerebrovascular disease |
7 (1.5) |
| Deficiency anemia |
7 (1.5) |
| Mild liver disease |
7 (1.5) |
| Renal disease |
7 (1.5) |
| Congestive heart failure |
5 (1.1) |
| Diabetes with chronic complication |
5 (1.1) |
| Drug abuse |
5 (1.1) |
| Peripheral vascular disease |
5 (1.1) |
| Patients with joint surgery in the baseline year,c n (%) |
38 (8) |