Input Parameter	Value	Consideration of Omicron Era	Consideration of COVID-19 Vaccine	Source (Reference No.)
Epidemiology
Vaccinated patients with high-risk factors for severe condition	94.17%	Yes		Calculated based on 20
Hospitalization rates (unvaccinated/vaccinated)	25.41%/1.77%			Calculated based on 21
Mortality rates in ambulatory care patients (unvaccinated/vaccinated)	0.03%/0.03%		Same value used for unvaccinated and vaccinated as Japanese data unavailable	Calculated based on 22, 23
Duration of COVID-19 symptoms in outpatients (unvaccinated/vaccinated)	7 days/7 days		Same value used for unvaccinated and vaccinated as Japanese data unavailable	3
ICU admission rate	10.70%	No	No	24
Percentage of MV use on ICU admission	64.54%
Mortality rates in inpatient (general wards/ICU [without MV/ICU [with MV])	3.19%/11.80%/11.80%	Yes	Yes	Calculated based on 25, 26
Treatment effect - Reduction of hospitalization or death
Base case (NMV/r vs molnupiravir)
NMV/r	88.2%	No	No	Estimated by MAIC, relative risk reduction to SoC
Molnupiravir	30.7%	No	No	Estimated by MAIC, relative risk reduction to SoC
Scenario case (NMV/r vs SoC)
NMV/r	73.8%	No	Yes	29, relative risk reduction to SoC
SoC	0%	No	No	29, relative risk reduction to SoC
Utility
Baseline utility	0.877	Unknown because it is not mentioned in the data source	The referred study includes both vaccinated and unvaccinated patients but did not stratify 2 patients for COVID-19 infected.	30
Disutility values for ambulatory care patients or patients admitted to general wards	-0.056
Disutility value for ICU patients without MV or with MV	-0.284
Disutility value for PACS	-0.027	Unknown because it is not mentioned in the data source	Unknown because it is not mentioned in the data source	31, subtracting the baseline QoL value (0.877) from the QoL value (0.850)
Costs
Outpatient treatment costs	JPY 26 927 (US $190.22)	Yes	Yes	Hospital information data (EHR) in Japan developed by IQVIA Japan
Hospitalization costs for general wards	JPY 71 515 (US $505.19)/day
Hospitalization costs with ICU admission (without MV)	JPY 193 598 (US $1367.60)/day
Hospitalization costs with ICU admission (with MV)	JPY 324 254 (US $2290.57)/day
Length of stay in general wards	8.76 days
Length of stay in ICU patients (without MV)	10.90 days
Length of stay in ICU patients (with MV)	9.78 days
Medication cost of NMV/r	JPY 99 028/US $699.54 (pack cost: JPY 19 805.5 (US $139.91)  600 mg [two 300 mg] for nirmatrelvir and 200 mg [two 100 mg] for ritonavir taken for 5 days)	NA	NA	32
Medication cost of molnupiravir	JPY 86 596/US $611.73 (pack cost for 200 mg: JPY 2164.9 (US $15.29)  800 mg [four 200 mg capsules] taken for 5 days)	NA	NA
Administration cost of NMV/r and molnupiravir	JPY 680 (US $4.80)	NA	NA